U-tube is just a glorified pendulum. But using this classical U shape for liquids is worth it. Pendulums is how you measure mass if gravity is too low.

I know some people inverted U-tube and immersed piezo fork into liquid. Then they struggled with reflections and setting feedback right or making sweep practical enough. And then there is electrical connections going into the probe through liquid surface, which is another concern. Still, in batch process (and all brewing is batch process) immersible probe should be much faster and washable than flow-through, I guess.

Oh, got carried away and missed another question. I’m actually throwing all good quality stuff in melomels, there are no favorites really. Other than Vaccinium uliginosum (English words for berries are terribly misleading, used interchangeably for pretty much all berries of same color - so these are usually called “blueberries”, but that’s not what is called “blueberries” in USA, for example) berries that result in something that shames wine made of grapes - so much cheaper, literally grows in most unfarmable places, melomel tastes similarly but better, and no pretense about “grape locality” and “northern slope” - just good stuff, every time.

Cranberries and lingonberries are kind of staple berries here, rowan is less known but also abundant and tastes great. Other hidden treasures I’ve found include hawthorn, ribes, and (very unexpectedly) hippophae. Now it’s time for imported citrus fruits (skins are best part for melomel) but I’m all out of started base mead (and almost out of space).

I used to buy directly from beekeepers (never from stores, that junk is just spoiled in most cases). Only from people you get to know personally, beekeepers are the most hardcore underground people around for some reason. They usually sell honey in meadmaking quantities much below retail. Just talk to people around, it’s abundant all over the world. And the result is totally worth it.

I’ve been doing this for over 10 years now I think; had to move out of USA at some point and lose about 300L of product (it has to age, nothing you can do - and shipping alcohol is very complicated issue) - gave it away to friends, this was quite a challenge. Then started all over and over, the oldest bottles I have now are from 2019. The best time to make mead is 10 years ago, second best is now!

Then, recently I became a beekeeper myself. Oh, this is addictive stuff. My beehives are smart homes now, I can listen to the sounds of bees and check their environment from home and I’m going to start selling the system to other beekeepers within weeks. And something like this happens to anyone who gets into beekeeping, it drives you crazy. I won’t be selling honey myself for some time though, as I’ve only started recently and all I get goes into mead I can produce myself until the families grow enough, who knows how long it will take?

At least I’ve learned the ins and outs of the trade, why exactly honey from somebody you trust is completely different from retail anonymous “local honey” jar in store (or much worse, imported ones). There are quite objective shortcuts that should not be done but are economically attractive.

Refractometers are quite useful for pale wort and clear distillation products - or anything where you calibrate close to target phase subspace (honey, must, well-known beer recipe, etc.). I use mine to determine when fermentation rate slows down to determine termination in yeast tests - their relative readings are OK, if they aren’t changing, it’s worth considering density is stable.

Regarding U-tube, that’s fun enough little project if done right. I had even more daring idea to build contactless (read through glass) density scanner, I even have the already soldered and flashed board and transceivers somewhere around the place. The prospect of quick reading density and inner fluid temperature without exposure seems attractive enough, but it’s a lot of research work to tune this tool concept, and then to turn it into comfortable product, and I’m kind of short of time-money invariant resource now.

Refractometers are no good at all, especially with THIS much colored stuff. Could get over 2x error, which is nonsense.

After all, you don’t have to lose that stuff, if you had a tall and narrow plastic cylinder, that would fill that glass on the photo when you are done.

I was thinking to design and build a U-tube density meter for regular people who can’t realistically spend a few thousands on proper tool, I can see those in slightly above decent refractometer price range (and that would indeed take small amount of sample, not as small as refractometer, but still). I wonder if I’d be able to sell enough to cover the expences (and myself I do have a ridiculously expensive and unnecessarily fancy MettlerToledo U tool in addition to all floaters and refractomters, remaining from good old times I was hoping to do paid analytics for microbreweries and thus needed something certified).

I don’t think this means anything, there are indeed many other benefits, including direct payments. This is small and probably some legacy, but still not a reason to stop counting money. Well, 50 Eur is not 0 Eur. There are plenty of small credits for taxes and they keep adding up, fortunately, all is well automated and done without lifting your bottom from PC effortlessly (I’ve filled US tax papers for 7 years and even went to IRS to complain, thank you very much). Typically people end up with 800 Eur or so without even doing anything special.

That said, Vero just forgave me a few cents yesterday, they seem to drop taxes on certain transactions if they end up below 10 Eur or so - not worth the hassle, I guess, even electronically.

EU authentic produce guidelines

Would you share a link to this?

some Greek root for bottom, used, for example, in “abyss”, sounds totally chtonic.

Did spurce basic pilsener ale experiment this summer! Of course, seeing them for what they are, I’ve stayed away from all pumps and filters, decanted the boil with tips and threw some tips for “dry… tipping?” Then some needles sneaked into the bottles. I’ve used fresh tips so they are just crunchy snack when you drink it. Weirdest thing, but I’m pretty sure it tastes like legendary Sahti beer. Well, the recipe is technically quite close, I suppose? Still have a few bottles (appropriately stored in sauna lol), I’m curious how it would age over a year or so. Totally doing it again next year.

We’ve caught something that looks, tastes, smells and behaves like brettanomyces from last field trip. They are really different and it seems their growth and fermentation profile does depend on conditions even more than usually! Never kept this culture before. Waiting for proper tasting procedure (could be something horrendous really, I’m pretty sure those will need some tuning in standard recepies). Then off to the library and store it goes.

Otherwise, there is full freezer of frozen forest berries waiting for the secondary in mead buckets and an infamous BAG I’ve bought to try the suffering others speak of here. Well, once I’m not the only healthy person in household, we’ll have lots of fun stuff to do, sigh.

That’s mixing greek and latin.

Geonauts? Buthonauts?

Are those hops good? Would you share a bit of rhizome for me to clone?

I can’t stop thinking that Finnish hops grown in chill weather might be a hidden treasure, once we figure out how to tune the recipes.

But how bad is the washing?

Oh come on, someone must have cloned it, it’s relatively simple to do even after it’s broken - plant stem cells are quite hardy. It’s totally hobbyist-level technology. That way we could’ve filled the island with hundreds of these palms over a couple of years, they would’ve been clones, sure, but then cross-polinating a palm forest would’ve been a much simpler task, not mentioning that at least all the critters wouldn’t have to be homeless.

That would be cool indeed! Would you suggest some particular brews we should chase?

One strategy to catch new strains is to give friends that go traveling a couple of plastic test tubes and ask them to save a drop of beer for us. We’ve got quite a lot of acetic and lactic bacteria this way, of course, but some yeasts too.

GMO yeast distribution has questionable legality here as far as I understand, but it doesn’t mean it’s illegal to make and study it. I’ve been looking for some projects to finally play with CRISPR and lyophilization chamber somebody at our lab was building for no particular purpose (we’ve bargained a sizeable set of used but surprisingly operational Edwards vacuum pumps at ebay, they itch to build something out of them).

Seriously, after seeing feedback here, I’m thinking about selling dry yeast as well, since it’s not too much of an upgrade and we can build a stock just for the sake of spreading strains around the globe…

I completely agree that keeping yeast supply lines as local as possible is a good idea, both in terms of distance, and in terms of time. That’s the concept here - if we can’t get fresh local yeast, then we should make them.

Getting yeast from breweries is good idea, but first, those should ideally come from in-brewery lab, not from propagation (unless it’s some kind of local native yeast, I suppose) - fresh lab-propagated yeast always behave much better according to my experience and to literature, also lines tend to mutate or degenerate otherwise without proper single-cell cleaning step occasionally.

Second, as far as I understand, most breweries keep very small selection of yeast. One of the reasons we’ve got into cultivation of pure varietal yeast is a realization of yeast’s impact on final product profile. This was quite a story.

At that point we were much younger and we’ve doubted that yeast could make lots of impact on fermentation profile, much less dominate it, as literature occasionally claims. Once we’ve decided to compare several different strains of yeast in mead; we’ve taken the most straightforward starting material - honey from Texas where we lived back then, that’s got all possible flowers blooming almost year round mixed together so that no single flavor could be distinguished - turned it into a must, then divided it into 8 batches and pitched them with different wine yeasts. Expecting subtle difference, we were surprised to find that some turned out like mead, but others were slightly honey-flavored Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sovignon, Riesling, etc. That was the day we’ve started thinking about building yeast library. Now we keep tasting (I mean, perform organoleptic analysis, it’s science!) plain pilsner 1040OG wort with no additions but yeast - and every new strain brings something new, while old strains become as familiar as friends. It’s a whole world.

They are certainly good for 20L, that’s the amount we use for typical homebrews ourselves.