With #1, strong leader probably means the strong-handed over-enforcing leader who’s tough on crime to solve problems. In your example I agree, but I’d also argue the leader is guiding society in that case and it takes everyone to solve problems.
With #3, I think it’s referring to a subset of actual citizens who are treated like “real” citizens over other citizens. Whether it’s by race, class, religion, etc. Some minority of the population is made the boogeyman.
With #1, strong leader probably means the strong-handed over-enforcing leader who’s tough on crime to solve problems. In your example I agree, but I’d also argue the leader is guiding society in that case and it takes everyone to solve problems.
With #3, I think it’s referring to a subset of actual citizens who are treated like “real” citizens over other citizens. Whether it’s by race, class, religion, etc. Some minority of the population is made the boogeyman.